ʻO ka wāwae o ke kanaka kekahi o nā ʻāpana nui o ke kino, me ka ʻole o ka neʻe ʻana he hiki ʻole. Me kēlā me kēia kaʻina, ʻo kēia ʻāpana he 125-250% o ka nui o ke kaumaha o ke kanaka. Lawe ka poʻe maʻamau i 4 mau kaukani i kēlā me kēia lā i ka lā, kahi kaumaha nui ia.
ʻAʻole i loli ke ʻano o ka wāwae no nā kenekulia he nui, a ʻo nā maʻi a me nā hemahema a pau ke kumu o ke komo mau ʻana o nā kāmaʻa hōʻoluʻolu a pololei ʻole. I mea e maopopo ai i ka hana o kēia ʻāpana o nā kino, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻūhā o ka wāwae - ke ʻano o ka wāwae.
Ka wāwae - kūkulu wāwae
Hele mai nā wāwae i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa, nā mānoanoa, nā nui, a me kahi a me ka lōʻihi o nā manamana wāwae.
Aia he 3 mau koho i ka huina:
- ʻO ka Helene ka ʻano laha loa kahi i lōʻihi ai ka manamana wāwae ma mua o ka nui.
- ʻO ʻAigupita ke ʻano maʻamau, ʻo ka lōʻihi o nā manamana lima e ukali nei i kahi laina hāʻule.
- Roman - 1/3 o ka heluna kanaka he kapuaʻi kona, ʻo kona hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona ka lōʻihi like o ka manamana nui a me ka manamana lima.
ʻOiai nā mea ukana e hiki i ka wāwae ke kū, ʻo ia pū kekahi wahi palupalu loa o ke kino o ke kanaka. Me kahi neʻe hewa ʻole a kolo paha, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ka sprain a i ʻole ka haki ʻana o nā ligament, kahi e hoʻopili ai i kahi lōʻihi a ʻaʻole ia ka lapaʻau maikaʻi loa.
ʻO nā haki a me nā māwae e hana pinepine pinepine ʻia, keu hoʻi nā phalanges o nā manamana lima a me ka iwi kuʻekuʻe. Akā ʻo ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana o kēlā mau ʻāpana o ka wāwae he lōʻihi loa ia a hiki ke lawe iā 1 a 6 mau mahina.
Nā iwi wāwae
ʻO ke kanaka maʻamau me ka ʻole o nā kīnā a ʻano ʻē paha i ka wāwae he 26 mau iwi ʻokoʻa. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia inā he hōʻeha koʻikoʻi i ka liʻiliʻi o kekahi o lākou, ua hoʻohaunaele ʻia nā biomekanika o ka hele wāwae ʻana, a hiki i ka mea ʻehaʻeha paha ke kanaka ke hehi ka wāwae. Loaʻa i nā manamana wāwae ʻekolu he phalanges, a ʻo ka mea nui he ʻelua wale nō.
Papa inoa o nā iwi:
- nā phalanges o nā manamana lima (proximal, waena a me distal);
- metatarsal;
- scaphoid;
- tubercle o ka kuʻekuʻe;
- kalekaʻa;
- kuboid;
- ramming;
- poloka talus;
- poʻo o ka talus;
- kāhiko.
Nā hui pū a me nā kāhili
ʻO nā hono ka hoʻoneʻe hoʻoneʻe o ʻelua a ʻoi paha iwi i hoʻokahi wahi. Kapa ʻia nā wahi a lākou e hoʻopā aku ai i ka cartilage (nā mea pili pili kūikawā). Ma muli o kēia hiki i ke kanaka ke neʻe me ka maʻalahi. ʻO ka ami nui ka ami ami ami. ʻO ia ka mea i hopu ʻia i ka hana koa a hoʻomaka ʻo ia e wili.
ʻAʻole ʻeha wale ka haki ʻana o kēia mau uaua, akā traumatic hoʻi, a hiki i ke kīnā ʻole. ʻO ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae, ʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻohui i ka wāwae i ka wāwae a ʻo ia ka ʻāpana nui. Aia kekahi mau hui metatarsophalangeal, ka mea, e like me ka inoa e kuhikuhi ai, hoʻohui i nā phalanges o nā manamana wāwae me ka iwi metatarsal.
ʻO nā tendend a me nā ligament
ʻO nā tendend nā hoʻonui o nā mākala e hoʻohui iā lākou i nā iwi. Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano: i ke ʻano o nā lele, pōkole, lōʻihi, ākea a hāiki hoʻi. Akā ʻoiai ko lākou ʻokoʻa kūwaho, like ka hana no nā mea āpau.
Hana ʻia nā Tendons i nā pūʻolo e like me ke ʻano o nā mākala kanaka maʻamau. Kūleʻa loa lākou a pili pono ʻole i ka lahilahi.
ʻO ka hōʻeha wāwae maʻamau ka sprain. Kū pinepine ia i ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae ma hope o ka neʻe koke ʻana, kahi kūpono ʻole o ka wāwae, a i ʻole ke kau kūikawā ʻana.
Me ka hōʻeha māmā, kū i kahi haunaele, me ka mea waena, ʻike ʻia kēlā me kēia micro-waimaka o nā aʻa, a i ka paʻakikī loa - kahi haki o ke kolo āpau. Hoʻopau ka pohō i kēia mau kiko i ke ola ʻana me ka hiki ʻole ke hele wāwae. ʻO nā ligament ke kinona e hoʻopili i nā hono a paʻa iā lākou i ko lākou kūlana mua.
Nā mākala o ka wāwae
Māhele ʻia nā mākala o ka wāwae i ʻelua mau hui: ka plantar a me ka hope. He 19 ko lākou nui. ʻOiai ʻike ka poʻe he aha lākou no lākou, ʻo ka biomekanika holoʻokoʻa o ka neʻe ʻana e pili i kēia mau pūʻulu muscle.
Inā hōʻino a nāwaliwali paha lākou, hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻeha i ka wāwae a i ʻole kekahi o kāna ʻāpana. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻomohala a hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia i nā pūʻulu mākala o ka wāwae. E ikaika lākou me ka neʻe hou aʻe: ka hele wāwae, ka holo ʻana, ka lele ʻana, a pēlā aku.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ka wāwae he medial, waena a me ka pūʻulu muscle hope, ua kapa ʻia lākou he flexors. Ma ka dorsum o ka wāwae ka mākala extensor pōkole a me ka mākala pālahalaha.
Hāʻawi koko
Komo ke koko i ka wāwae ma o nā aʻa ʻelua: ʻo ke anterior a me ka hope tibial arteri. Ma ke ala like, hele a hiki i ka wāwae nā mea pono e pono ai, kaʻanahele ʻia ʻana ma o nā moku a me nā capillaries i pololei i nā aʻa. A laila hoʻopaʻi hou ʻia ke koko me ka hoʻohana ʻana i 4 veins: ʻelua hohonu a ʻelua superficial.
ʻO ka mea nui o lākou ka subcutaneile nui, e hoʻomaka ana ma nā manamana wāwae nui o loko. Hoʻohālikelike i ka nui ka uaua liʻiliʻi. Aia nā veins tibial ma mua a ma hope o nā lālā. He mea hoʻonui lākou o ke aʻa popliteal.
Innervation
ʻO ka ʻino ka naʻau e hāʻawi i ke kamaʻilio me ka ʻōnaehana waena kanaka.
I ka ʻili o ka wāwae, lawe ʻia ia me ke kōkua o kēia mau ʻalalā.
- subcutaneous;
- kua maoli;
- medial waena;
- waena waena.
Hoʻopili nā aʻalolo mua ʻekolu i ka peroneal, a haʻalele lākou mai ka tibial. Hoʻouna ia i nā impulses mai waenakonu o ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae a i nā manawa maʻamau i nā kihi o ka manamana nui.
ʻO ke aʻalolo waena ke kuleana no ka ʻāpana o ka ʻaoʻao luna o ka manamana nui, ka papa kuhikuhi a me nā manamana waena. Hoʻouna nā cutaneite waena i nā impulses ma kahi o ka manamana lima a me ka manamana liʻiliʻi. ʻO ke aʻalolo maoli ke kuleana no ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao o ka wāwae holoʻokoʻa.
I ke kūlohelohe, aia pū kekahi mau hihia inā ʻaʻohe o kekahi o kēia mau aʻa a kuleana kekahi no ka pūnaewele. Ma ka hope o ka wāwae, lawe ke aʻa waena i nā impulses i ka ʻaoʻao waena, a ʻo ka ʻaoʻao i ke koena o ka ʻili.
ʻO kekahi o nā maʻi maʻamau e loaʻa ai ka pōʻino, ʻo ka loko o ka wāwae, ʻo ia ka neuropathy.
Me kēia maʻi, ʻeha ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana peripheral o nā lālā. Hōʻike ʻia kēia i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻili o ka ʻili i nā mea hoʻonāukiuki, nā neʻe ʻole manawaleʻa, deformation o nā mākala o ka wāwae.
Hōʻike ʻia kēia maʻi ma muli o:
- ka lawe nui ʻana i nā mea inu ʻona;
- hoʻohana lāʻau;
- hoʻololi kūlohelohe;
- nā pilikia o ke ake;
- mimikō mellitus;
- hoʻolōʻihi ʻia i ka ʻili o nā mea ʻona;
- ka nele mau o nā wikamina i ke kino;
- nā maʻi lele.
Inā mālama ʻole ʻia kēia mau maʻi, hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi i ka maʻi ulcer a me nā māwae ma ka ʻili, a laila ka hopena i ka maʻi lōlō o nā lālā. ʻO ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana o nā ʻāpana o ke kino kahi lōʻihi, paʻakikī a ʻaʻole hiki ke hana i nā manawa āpau. Hoʻomaka ka mālama koke ʻana me kahi pilikia, ʻo ka nui o nā manawa e hoʻoponopono i ke kūlana.
ʻO ka wāwae kekahi o nā ʻāpana nui o ka pūnaewele musculoskeletal kanaka. ʻOiai ʻo kēia ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ke kino, kaumaha loa kēia ʻāpana i ka wā o nā hana ʻohana āpau.
I ka hihia o ka ʻeha a i ʻole nā ʻeha ʻeha i ka wāwae, pono ʻoe e launa koke i kahi loea, ʻoiai i kekahi mau hihia hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i nā hopena i hoʻoponopono ʻole ʻia. I mea e hōʻemi ai i ka hōʻeha a hoʻoikaika i ka wāwae, pono e hoʻomohala i nā olonā. Loaʻa kēia ma o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mau a me nā haʻuki.
