ʻO ka hernia intervertebral o ka iwi kuamoʻo - prolaps o ka disverse intervertebral o ka vertebric vertebra (M51 e like me ICD-10). Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ia e ka ʻeha, ʻike ʻole i ka ʻili a me nā maʻi somatic. Hana ʻia ka hōʻailona ma ke kumu o kahi ʻikepili: nā hopena o ka ninaninau ʻana i nā meaola a me nā ʻōnaehana e kāpae i nā pathology i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā kumu ʻē aʻe, a me MRI. Hoʻololi nui ʻia nā Discs o ka vertebrae lalo (Th8-Th12).
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa a mālama pono ka lāʻau. ʻO Hernia o ka shmorl o ka iwi kuamoʻo kahi ʻōpuʻu hernial i loko o ke kino o ka vertebra ʻoi aku a ʻoi aku paha ma muli o ka haki ʻana o kaʻiʻo cartilaginous o ka disk intervertebral. ʻAʻole koi ʻia kahi lāʻau lapaʻau.
Nā kumu
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka etiology o kēia pathology i nā hana e alakaʻi ai i ke ʻano o nā māwae a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka ikaika o ka annulus fibrosus.
- noho nohona;
- nā ukana kū lōʻihi a kūpaʻa hoʻi o ka ikaika nui;
- ʻehaʻeha;
- osteochondrosis o ka iwi kuamoʻo;
- nā maʻi dismetabolic;
- nā maʻi maʻi autoimmune.
Hoʻolālā o ka hernial protrusion
I ko lākou ulu ʻana, hele nā prolapses ma nā ʻano he nui:
- ʻO ka protrusion palena o ka disk a hiki i ka 1-5 mm me ka mālama ʻana i ka papa waho o ke apo fibrous Kāhea ʻia ka protrusion.
- Extrusion a i hana hernia paha me ka hōʻeha i ka pono o ke apo a me ka bulging o 5-8 mm.
- Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka Sequestration e ka nezrosis aseptic a me ka hemo ʻana o nā kino hernia (ʻo ka nui o ia mea i ʻoi aku ma mua o 8 mm), a ukali ʻia e ko lākou neʻe ʻana i ka canal spinal, i hoʻopiha ʻia me nā pilikia hiki ʻole.
Wahi a ke kekelē o ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka canal spinal, ua māhele ʻia nā hernial protrusions i ka liʻiliʻi (0-10%), medium (10-20%) a me ka nui (> 20%).
Nā ʻōuli a me nā hōʻailona ʻike ʻokoʻa
Hoʻoholo ʻia lākou e ka lawena o ka hernia, kona wahi a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka protrusion. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻopili ʻia o nā aʻa o nā aʻa iwi a i ʻole ka mea o ka iwi kuamoʻo. Ma muli o nā pae ʻāina, ʻo ka protrusion:
- ʻaoʻao,
- ventral (hōʻike i ka makaʻu liʻiliʻi);
- waena (waena a i hope paha), ka mea weliweli loa no kāna mau pilikia;
- paramedian.
Hoʻomaopopo kekahi mau neurosurgeons i ka dorsal, median (ma ke ʻano he evolution dorsal evolution), puni, ventral a me nā localization foraminal.
E pili ana i nā ʻāpana o ka iwi kuamoʻo - ka luna, waena a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka thoracic.
Eia kekahi:
- Me kahi kikowaena, ʻike ʻia ka kaomi ʻana o ka iwi kuamoʻo, hele pū me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka myelopathy compression me ke ʻano o ka spastic mono- a i ʻole papararesis haʻahaʻa, a me nā maʻi pelvic.
- Me ka localization localization, ka ʻōuli ʻōuli o ke kaomi ʻana o nā aʻa aʻa me ka hōʻike o nā maʻi e puka aʻe ma luna:
- ʻike ʻike i ka umauma;
- i loko o ka somatic i ka wā e hoʻopili ai kahi hernia i nā lālā visceral, kahi e hoʻololi ai i ka hana i ka hana o nā mea kūloko.
Kahi Hernia (keʻena) | Pākuʻi ʻōuli | ʻIʻike ʻokoʻa |
ʻOihana kiʻekiʻe (Th1-Th4) | ʻO Thoracalgia, paresthesia i ka umauma luna a me ka māhele interscapular; paresthesias a me ka nāwaliwali i nā lima, numbness o nā lima (Th1-Th2); paʻakikī i ka ale ʻana, nā haunaele i ka peristalsis o ka esophagus. | Angina pectoris. |
Waena waena (Th5-Th8) | ʻO nā Shingles e like me neuralgia intercostal; paʻakikī i ka hanu ʻana; gastralgia, dyspepsia; nā haunaele i ka hana o ka pancreas, e alakaʻi ana i nā hoʻololi pathological i ka metabolism o nā huaʻale. | Herpes zoster (herpes zoster ʻano 1). |
Paʻa lalo (Th9-Th12) | ʻO kaʻeha ma nā puʻupaʻa, ma lalo o nā iwi ʻaoʻao, ma ka ʻōpū o luna, dyskinesia ʻōpū (Th11-Th12), nā maʻi i nā pūpū pelvic. | Huʻi ʻōpū, appendicitis, cholecystitis huehue, pancreatitis huʻi. |
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā paʻakikī i ka hōʻoia e ka kikoʻī o nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi. Hiki i ka protrusion, ke kaukaʻi ʻia i ka wahi, hiki ke hoʻohālikelike i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi thoracic a me nā ʻōpū. No laila, e hōʻoia i ke kuhi, hiki i kahi neurologist ke hoʻopili i nā loea loea.
© Alexandr Mitiuc - stock.adobe.com. ʻO ka hōʻike ʻana i ka makemakika o ka wahi o ka hernia i ka iwi kuamoʻo.
Hiki i nā hoʻokolohua me Nitroglycerin a i ʻole Corvalol ke kōkua i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka disc mai ka hōʻike ʻana o kahi ʻōuli ʻōuli o angina pectoris, kahi e kū ʻole ai ka ʻeha i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā aʻa aʻa.
Ke hoʻokō nei i ka ʻike ākea o ka patogenogenesis discogenic (disc protrusion) me nā maʻi o ka gastrointestinal tract, pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole pili ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū i kaʻai.
Hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā ʻōuli i nā wahine a me nā kāne. Ua hoʻemi paha ka hope i ka libido a me ka hana erectile. Hiki i nā wahine i ka maʻi ovarian, nā hana kūpono ʻole o ka menstrual, kahi e alakaʻi ai i kahi hōʻemi o ka hiki ke hapai, ʻeha ma ka ʻāpana areolar, i huikau pinepine ʻia me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o mastitis (maʻi maʻi umauma).
Nā Diagnostics
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hōʻikeʻike ma:
- nā hoʻopiʻi ahonui maʻamau (nā haunaele segmental i nā spheres mika a me nā motika, nā hoʻololi pathological i ka hana o nā mea kūloko i loko i hoʻopili ʻia e ka lāʻau nerve i hoʻopili ʻia);
- nāʻike o ka nānā neurological a me ke kiʻi maʻi o ka maʻi;
- Nā hualoaʻa MRI (me nā contraindications pololei, no ka laʻana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i kahi pacemaker hana, CT o ka iwi kuamoʻo, akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ke aʻo ʻana ma lalo o MRI);
- ʻikepili mai ka noiʻi ʻana i nā hale hana, nā diagnostics instrumental a me nā kūkākūkā ʻana o nā loea e pili ana, e ʻae ana i ka ʻike pālua (e kōkua i ka hōʻoia ʻana i kahi hernia a kāpae aku i ka angina pectoris, kahi hōʻuluʻulu mōʻaukala i hōʻiliʻili ʻia, ʻike ʻia ka hōʻike ECG a me nā hoʻokolohua hana e hōʻike nei i ka loaʻa ʻole o ka myocardial ischemia.
ʻO nā paʻakikī i ka hana ʻana i kahi hōʻailona hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia e nā maʻi intercurrent. Hoʻopilikia ʻia ka mea hoʻomanawanui e ka thoracalgia a me ka angina i ʻike ʻia ma ka hope o ka prolaps e kū nei i ka iwi kuʻi. Eia kekahi, hiki i kahi hernia ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o angina pectoris.
Hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia nā hana o ka lapaʻau e nā loea ʻelua - kahi neurologist a me kahi therapist (a i ʻole ka mea maʻi maʻi naʻau).
Lapaʻau
Māhele ʻia ia i conservative a me ka ʻoki lāʻau. Lawe ʻia ʻo Conservative therapy ma ka inpatient a me nā kūlana home, e hāʻawi ana i nā ana e pili ana i:
- hoʻopau a hoʻoliʻiliʻi paha o ka thoracalgia;
- ka pale ʻana i ka ulu protrusion.
Laʻau lāʻau
Loaʻa i kahi koho:
- NSAIDs (Naproxen, Ibuprofen, Celecoxib, Ketoprofen, Carprofen, etc.);
- corticosteroids (metipred);
- nā palaka kūloko (anesthetics + corticosteroids);
- nā mea hoʻomaha kino me ka maʻi spastic koʻikoʻi (Tolperisone, Mydocalm, Sirdalud);
- chondroprotectors (Glucosamine, Aorta - hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka trophism o ka nukleus pulposus, hōʻike lākou i ka maikaʻi loa ma ke kahua o ka protrusion o ka intervertebral disk);
- Nā wikamina B (B1 a me B6, e hoʻonāukiuki ana i ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana o nā olonā nerve).
ʻO ke ala lāʻau e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hōʻoki i ka maʻi o ka ʻeha a hana i kahi kumu maikaʻi no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana conservative ʻē aʻe.
Ka hopena o nā hoʻoikaika kino (hoʻoikaika kino)
Mālama nā gymnastics therapeutic i mea e hoʻonui ai i ka lako o ke koko, hoʻomaha i nā spasms a hana i kahi corset muscle, kahi e kōkua ai e hōʻoluʻolu i ka ʻōnaehana musculoskeletal. Hoʻonohonoho pololei ʻia nā hoʻoikaika kino no ka hernia o ka iwi kuamoo ma luna o kēlā me kēia kumu i ka manawa o ke kala ʻia ʻana, pinepine i ka manawa mua o ka maʻi, a i ʻole i ka manawa o ka hoʻōla postoperative. Lawe ʻia ka hoʻōla hoʻoikaika kino i nā pae mua ma lalo o ka nānā ʻana a kahi mea aʻo i ka hale hoʻoikaika kino. Hiki i nā pūʻulu hoʻoikaika kino ke hoʻokō ʻia ma ka home.
Acupuncture, reflexology
Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e hōʻoluʻolu i ka ʻeha a me ka haunaele o nā mākala.
Hoʻoponopono lima a me ka traction spinal
Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e hoʻonui i ka mamao ma waena o nā kino vertebral.
© Mulderphoto - stock.adobe.com. Ke kīkoʻo nei i ka iwi kuamoʻo.
Nā hopena o ka lomilomi
Kau ʻia ka massage e hōʻoluʻolu i ka leo hoʻonui o nā mākala paravertebral. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e hoʻomaha a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka lako o ke koko i nā wā mua o ka maʻi i ka pae kala.
Physiotherapy
Hoʻohana ʻia ia e hoʻolako i ka relant muscle a me ka hopena anti-inflammatory ma nā pae āpau o ka hernia evolution i ka wā o ke kala. Hoʻohana ʻia: hydrocortisone ultraphonophoresis, electrophoresis, magnetotherapy a me UHF.
I ka loaʻa ʻole o ka hopena o ka conservative therapy a me / a i ʻole ke ʻano o nā hōʻailona o ka myelopathy, hele lākou i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
Ua hōʻoia maikaʻi ʻia ka hopena maikaʻi o ka ERT ma hope o ka hana ʻana i ka wā ola mua (nā kau o EHF, laser a me magnetotherapy, electromyostimulation).
ʻO kā Professor Bubnovsky ʻenehana
Paipai ʻo Kauka Bubnovsky i kahi pūʻulu o nā hana e kia ana i ka hohola ʻana i nā mākala hope.
- Kū pololei a kau i kou mau wāwae i ka laulā poʻohiwi i kahi kaʻawale, pono ʻoe e hana maʻalahi i mua i nā piʻo, e hoʻāʻo nei e kau i kou poʻo a me kou mau lima ma waena o kou mau kuli.
- Ke kau nei i kou wāwae i hoʻoponopono ʻia ma ka hope o ka noho, pono ʻoe e hoʻāʻo e kau i kou kino ma ka ʻūhā ʻoiai e hemo ana, e hoʻāʻo nei e hopu i ka sock me kou mau lima.
- E moe ana i kou ʻōpū, e kīkoʻo i kou mau lima i mua, e hāpai ana i ke kino a pahu i ka papahele i kou wā e hemo ai.
- I kahi kū, kū i luna, e hoʻāʻo e ala aʻe i kou manamana wāwae i ke kiʻekiʻe e hiki ai.
ʻOki kino
Hōʻike ʻia me ka pono ʻole o kahi ala conservative no 6 mau mahina. Loaʻa i ke ala:
- laminotomy a i ʻole laminectomy - hoʻopau piha a hapa paha o ka vertebral arch no ka decompression o ke kahawai vertebral; hoʻohui pinepine ʻia me ka fusion - ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka vertebrae pili no ka fusion;
- laminoplasty - kahi tomia o ka vertebral arch i mea e hoʻonui ai i ka ākea a puni nā aʻa a hana i kahi hinge;
- disc extirpation (microdiscectomy (ma ke ʻano he koho - endoscopic), discectomy).
Ma hope o ka hana ʻoki ʻana, hiki i nā pilikia:
- maʻi lele - myelitis, spinal arachnoiditis;
- maʻi lele ʻole:
- kakahiaka - ke kahe ʻana i ke kahe, ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā aʻalolo iwi a i ʻole dura mater;
- lohi - ke hoʻokumu ʻana o ankylosis (fusion) o nā kino o ka vertebrae pili.
Nā haʻuki no ka prolaps o ka iwi kuamoʻo (ʻae ʻia a pāpā ʻia i pāpā ʻia)
Ua kaupalena ʻia nā hana haʻuki. ʻAe ʻia nā ʻano i ʻae ʻia:
- aqua aerobics a me ka ʻauʻau ʻana (ma ke ʻano he therapeutic a me nā hana pale).
- hoʻomaha nā mākala, hoʻemi ʻia ka ukana ma ka iwi kuamoʻo, hoʻoikaika ʻia nā ligament a me nā ami;
- ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana hanu, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka lako o ke koko.
- hoʻomaʻamaʻa ma ke keʻena haʻuki ma lalo o ka nānā ʻana o kahi mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻoikaika kino hoʻoikaika kino;
- Pilates;
- pahu aku i luna;
- nā papa hoʻoikaika kino a me nā yoga;
- hoʻoikaika kino me nā simulator;
- noho ma ke kinipōpō peku;
- ke kau nei ma ka lāʻau hoʻokamakino;
- Paikikala ma ka leisurely wikiwiki;
- squats (i ke kala kala ʻana).
Pono e hana i kekahi o nā hana i luna ma lalo o ka nānā ʻana a kahi loea wale nō. Pono e kāpae ʻia nā hana e koi ai i ka noho a i ʻole ke kū ʻana.
- hāpai hāpai kino:
- nā lele kiʻekiʻe a lōʻihi hoʻi;
- kinipōpō hīnaʻi, ke kinipōpō hīnaʻi, ke kinipōpō, ka heʻe ski;
- heihei heihei;
- haʻuki mana.
Nā pilikia a me nā hopena o ka hoʻolaha ʻana
Hiki i ka holomua o ka nosology ke alakaʻi i:
- haʻi neuralgia intercostal;
- ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kaohi o ke kuamoʻo (kekahi o nā hopena weliweli).
- paresis o nā lālā;
- hoʻopau piha o nā hana o nā pūpū pelvic.
- nā haunaele i ka hana o ka puʻuwai a me nā hanu hanu (ʻike ʻia nā ʻeha ma ka umauma a me nā interruptions i ka hana o ka puʻuwai; pilikia ka hanu, paʻakikī e hanu);
- ka holomua o nā maʻi orthopedic (scoliosis, kyphosis);
- ke hoʻokumu ʻana i nā hernia intervertebral i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka iwi kuamoʻo - ma muli o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi pathological o nā kaumaha a me ka exacerbation o ka maʻi.
Ma muli o ka ʻaihue o ka loko, ʻeha ka manaʻo me kekahi a i ʻole kekahi mea ʻea visceral. Hoʻopau ʻia ka ʻōnaehana o kāna hoʻoponopono kūʻokoʻa. Hiki i ke kolamu dyskinesia ke lilo i colitis, a hiki i nā maʻi o ka pancreas ke lilo i pancreatitis. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka prolaps ke alakaʻi i nā maʻi hoʻoweliweli ola o ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular (infarction myocardial koʻikoʻi; exagtional angina a me ka angina paʻa ʻole; hopu koke ʻia ka naʻau).
Kāohi
Hoʻopili ka pūʻulu pōpilikia i nā lunamaka o kēlā mau hana kūikawā a me nā hana e pili ana i nā ukana static a me nā static-dynamic i ka iwi kuamoʻo: nā kauka, nā mea haʻuki, nā mea kūʻai aku, nā limahana o ke keʻena.
ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi hernia ma mua o ka mālama ʻana iā ia. ʻO ka hoʻoikaika kino i kēlā me kēia lā e kōkua iā ʻoe e hōʻalo iā ia. Hāʻawi nā neʻe like ʻole i ka hana ʻana i ka wai synovial a me ka hydration o nā pāpaʻi, akā e hoʻoikaika ai hoʻi i nā mākala hohonu o ke kua, kahi e hōʻemi ai i ka ukana ma ka iwi kuamoʻo.
Ke hana nei i ka hoʻoikaika pale, he mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo i kēlā:
- ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā diski i nā kau kau i luna i nā kau ākea a i ʻole oblique. ʻO kēia ke hāpai ʻana i kahi mea kaumaha, pono ʻoe e squat, ʻaʻole naʻe e kūlou.
- Ke hāpai nei i ka hana sedentary, pono ia e hoʻololi i ke kūlana o ke kino i mau manawa i ka lā, e hana ana i nā hana pale, e hoʻāʻo e noho ma kahi liʻiliʻi i hiki.
- ʻO ka ʻauʻau a me ka wai aerobics he mea maikaʻi loa i nā huaʻōlelo pale, ʻoiai lākou e ʻae iā ʻoe e hoʻoikaika i ka corset muscle, ʻoiai e hoʻomaha pū i ka iwi kuamoʻo.