He aha ka metabolism o ka carbohydrate i ke kino?

He mea nui ka Carbohidates i ka meaʻai kūpono a me ka mahele ʻana i ke kaulike o ka momona. ʻO ka poʻe e noʻonoʻo ana i ko lākou olakino ponoʻī e ʻike he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā carbohydrates paʻakikī i nā mea maʻalahi. A ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai no ka lōʻihi o ka digestion a me ka ikehu i ka lā. Akā no ke aha mai? He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā kaʻina hana o ka assimilation o nā lohi a me ka wikiwiki? No ke aha ʻoe e ʻai ai i nā meaʻono wale nō e pani ai i ka puka aniani o ka protein, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka meli e ʻai wale i ka pō? I mea e pane ai i kēia mau nīnau, e noʻonoʻo mākou i ke kikoʻī i ka metabolism o nā huaʻaleʻale i ke kino o ke kanaka.

No ke aha nā mea ʻaʻā?

Ma waho aʻe o ka mālama ʻana i kahi kaupaona maikaʻi loa, hana nā pākōpika i ke kino o ke kanaka i mua o ka hana, kahi maikaʻi ʻole e kū ai i ka momona wale nō, akā me nā pilikia ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā hana nui o nā haʻuki e hana i nā hana aʻe:

1. Ikehu - ma kahi o 70% o nā calorie he carbohydrates. I mea e pono ai ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe o 1 g o nā haʻalako, pono ke kino i ka 4.1 kcal o ka ikehu.
2. Ieoaeunoaa - e komo i loko o ke kūkulu 'ana o ke kelepona hele eiiiiiaiou.
3. Reserve - hana i kahi depot i nā mākala a me ke akepaʻa i ke ʻano o ka glycogen.
4. Hoʻoponopono - kekahi mau hormones he glycoproteins i ke ʻano. ʻO kahi laʻana, nā homone o ka pona thyroid a me ka pituitary gland - hoʻokahi ʻāpana o nā ʻano o ia ʻano he protein, a ʻo ka mea ʻāpika.
5. Palekana - lawe ʻo heteropolysaccharides i ka synthesist o mucus, kahi e uhi ai i nā membrane mucous o ka respiratory respiratory, digestive organ, a me ka urinary tract.
6. Komo i loko o ka ʻike pūnaewele.
7. ʻO lākou nā ʻāpana o nā membrane o nā erythrocytes.
8. ʻO lākou kekahi o nā mea hoʻoponopono o ke kāpili ʻana o ke koko, ʻoiai lākou he ʻāpana o ka prothrombin a me fibrinogen, heparin (kumuwaiwai - puke "Biology Chemistry", Severin).

No mākou, ʻo nā kumu nui o nā huaʻaleʻaleʻa kēlā mau mole i loaʻa iā mākou mai ka meaʻai: starch, sucrose a me lactose.

@ Evgeniya
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Nā pae o ka haki ʻana o nā saccharides

Ma mua o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā hopena biochemical i loko o ke kino a me ka hopena o ka metabolism carbohydrate i ka hana haʻuki, e hoʻopaʻa mākou i ke kaʻina hana o ka haki ʻana o nā saccharides me kā lākou hoʻololi hou ʻana i loko o ka glycogen a nā ʻenekini e koi nui ʻia a hoʻolilo ʻia i ka wā hoʻomākaukau no nā hoʻokūkū.

ʻOihana 1 - hoʻokaʻawale mua ʻia me ka lawai

ʻAʻole like me nā protein a me nā momona, hoʻomaka nā haʻalā e wāwahi kokoke koke ma hope o ke komo ʻana i ka lua waha. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ka hapa nui o nā huahana e komo ana i ke kino i loko o nā starchy carbohydrates paʻakikī, ka mea, ma lalo o ka mana o ka lawai, ʻo ia hoʻi ka amylase enzyme kahi ʻāpana o kāna haku ʻana, a haki ʻia kahi mea mechanical i nā saccharides maʻalahi.

Kahua 2 - ka hopena o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū ma ka haki hou

ʻO kēia kahi e pāʻani ai ka waikawa ʻōpū. Haki ia i nā saccharides paʻakikī i pili ʻole i ka lawai. I ke ʻano, ma lalo o ka hana o nā enzyme, haki ʻia ka lactose i galactose, a laila hoʻololi ʻia i glucose.

Kahua 3 - omo ʻana o ka glucose i loko o ke koko

I kēia manawa, ʻaneʻane e hoʻopili pono ʻia ka glucose wikiwiki wikiwiki i loko o ke kahe o ke koko, e kāpae ana i nā hana fermentation i ke ake. Piʻi ikaika ka pae o ka ikehu a māhuahua ke koko.

Kahua 4 - satiety a me ka pane ʻana o ka insulin

Ma lalo o ka mana o ka glucose, mānoanoa ke koko, kahi mea paʻakikī iā ia e neʻe a lawe i ka oxygen. Hoʻololi ʻo Glucose i ka oxygen, kahi e hopena ai i kahi hopena pale - kahi hōʻemi o ka nui o nā carbohydrates i ke koko.

Hoʻokomo ʻo Insulin a me glucagon mai ka pancreas i ka plasma.

Wehe ka mua i nā pūnaewele lawe no ka neʻe ʻana o ke kō i loko o lākou, kahi e hoʻihoʻi i ke kaulike nalowale o nā mea. ʻO ka Glucagon, e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka synthesly o glucose mai glycogen (ʻai o nā kumuwaiwai kūloko), a me nā "lua" o ka insulin i nā hunaola nui o ke kino a kau i ka glucose ma laila ma ke ʻano o glycogen a i ʻole lipids.

ʻOihana 5 - ka metabolism o nā huʻopaʻa i ke ake

I ke ala e hoʻopau ai i ka digestion, collide nā pākōpika me ka mea pale nui o ke kino - nā hunaola ate. Aia i loko o kēia mau hunaola nā ʻāpika ma lalo o ka mana o nā waikawa kūikawā e hoʻopaʻa ai i nā kaulahao maʻalahi - glycogen.

ʻOihana 6 - glycogen a momona paha

Hiki i ke akepaʻa ke hana i kekahi nui o nā monosaccharides i loaʻa i ke koko. ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ka kiʻekiʻe o ka insulin e hana iā ia i ka manawa ʻole. Inā ʻaʻohe manawa o ke akepaʻa e hoʻolilo i ka glucose i glycogen, hana ʻia kahi hopena lipid: hoʻololi ʻia nā glucose āpau i mau momona maʻalahi e ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana iā ia me nā waikawa. Hana ke kino i kēia i mea e haʻalele ai i kahi lako, akā naʻe, i ka nānā ʻana i kā mākou meaʻai mau, "poina" i ka ʻai ʻana, a ʻo nā kaulahao glucose, e hoʻohuli i nā meaola adipose ea, lawe ʻia ma lalo o ka ʻili.

Hana 7 - wāwahi lua

Inā kūpaʻa ke akepaʻa me ka ukana kō a hiki ke hoʻolilo i nā kālika āpau i glycogen, ʻo ka hope, ma lalo o ka mana o ka hormone insulin, hiki ke mālama i nā mākala. Eia hou, i nā kūlana o ka nele o ka oxygen, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia i ka glucose maʻalahi, ʻaʻole hoʻi i ke kahe o ke koko, akā koe i nā mākala. No laila, ke kāpae nei i ke ake, hāʻawi ka glycogen i ka ikehu no nā kuʻikuʻi mākala kikoʻī, ʻoiai e hoʻonui ana i ka hoʻomanawanui (kumu - "Wikipedia").

Kāhea ʻia kēia hana he "makani ʻelua". Ke loaʻa i nā mea ʻālapa nui nā hale kūʻai o glycogen a me nā momona visceral maʻalahi, e hoʻohuli ʻia lākou i ka ikehu maʻemaʻe wale nō me ka ʻole o ka oxygen. Ma ka hoʻololi, nā waiʻona i loko o nā waikawa momona e hoʻonāukiuki i ka vasodilation hou aʻe, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka maʻalahi o ka cell i ka oxygen i nā kūlana o kona hemahema.

He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i ke kumu e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai nā kāhāhā i nā maʻalahi a paʻakikī. ʻO nā mea āpau e pili ana i kā lākou papa kuhikuhi glycemic, ka mea e hoʻoholo ai i ka uku o ka haki. ʻO kēia, ke kumu, hoʻonāukiuki i ke kaohi o ka metabolism carbohydrate. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka waiʻohuhu, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ke ake a ʻoi aku ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka momona.

ʻO ka pākaukau kokoke o ka papa kuhikuhi glycemic me ka huina piha o nā pākika i loko o ka huahana:

Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i nā meaʻai me kahi papa kuhikuhi glycemic kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻohaunaele i ka metabolism a me nā hana o nā carbohydrates i ke ala e hana ai ka glycemic load. Hoʻoholo ia i ka nui o ke ake o ke ake me ka glucose ke hoʻopau ʻia kēia huahana. I ka hōʻea ʻana i kahi paepae GN (ma kahi o 80-100), e hoʻololi a koho ʻia nā caloriu āpau ma mua o ka maʻamau i mau triglyceride.

ʻO ka papa kokoke i ka ukana glycemic me ka huina nui o nā calories:

ʻO ka pane insulin a me ka glucagon

I ke kaʻina o ka ʻai ʻana i kēlā me kēia karbohidrat, ma ke kō a i ʻole ka starch paʻakikī, hoʻonāukiuki ke kino i nā ʻano ʻelua i ka manawa hoʻokahi, ʻo ka ikaika e kau ʻia i nā mea i manaʻo ʻia ma mua, a ʻo ka mea mua, i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka insulin.

He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo e hoʻokuʻu mau ʻia ka insulin i loko o ke koko i nā puʻupuʻu. ʻO kēia ka mea weliweli o kekahi pie momona no ke kino e like me 5 mau pai ʻono. Hoʻopili ka insulin i ka nui o ke koko. Pono kēia i loaʻa i nā hunaola āpau ka lawa o ka ikehu me ka hana ʻole ma ke ʻano hyper a hypo paha. Akā ʻo ka mea nui loa, ʻo ka wikiwiki o kāna neʻe, ka ukana ma ka puʻuwai puʻuwai a me ka hiki ke lawe i ka oxygen ma ka nui o ke koko.

ʻO ke kūpikipiki insulin kahi hopena kūlohelohe. Hoʻokumu ka Insulin i nā lua i nā hunaola āpau i ke kino i hiki ke loaʻa i ka ikehu hou aʻe, a laka ʻia i loko o lākou. Inā kūpaʻa ke akepaʻa me ka ukana, hoʻonoho ʻia ka glycogen i loko o nā hunaola, inā ʻaʻole holo pono ke ake, a laila komo nā mea momona i nā huna like.

No laila, ke lula ʻia o ka ʻōnaehana kamepiula ma o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka insulin. Inā ʻaʻole lawa (ʻaʻole hoʻomau, akā hoʻokahi wale nō), loaʻa i ke kanaka kahi hangover kō - kahi ʻano e koi ai ke kino i ka wai hou e hoʻonui i ka nui o ke koko a hoʻoheheʻe iā ia me nā ʻano loaʻa āpau.

ʻO ka lua o ka mea nui i kēia manawa o ka carbohydrate metabolism ka glucagon. Hoʻoholo kēia hormone inā pono e hana ka ate mai nā kumuwaiwai kūloko a i ʻole nā ​​kumuwaiwai kūwaho.

Ma lalo o ka mana o glukagon, hoʻokuʻu ke akepaʻa i ka glycogen mākaukau i hana ʻia (ʻaʻole decomposed), i loaʻa mai nā pūnaewele o loko, a hoʻomaka e ʻohiʻohi glycogen hou mai glucose.

ʻO ia ka glycogen kūloko e hāʻawi i ka insulin ma o nā pūnaewele i ka mua (kahi kumu - ka puke aʻo "Sports Biochemistry", Mikhailov).

Hoʻokaʻina ikehu ukali

ʻO ka mahele hope ʻana o ka ikehu o nā haʻalako e kū i ka ʻano o ke kumukānāwai, a me ke olakino o ke kino.

1. I ke kanaka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole me ka metabolism lohi. Ke emi nā pae o ka glucagon, hoʻi nā hunaola glycogen i ke ake, kahi e hana ʻia ai i loko o nā triglycerides.
2. ʻO ka mea haʻuki. Laka nui ʻia nā hunaola Glycogen ma lalo o ka mana o ka insulin i loko o nā mākala, e hāʻawi ana i ka ikehu no ka hana hou.
3. ʻO ka mea haʻuki ʻole me kahi metabolism wikiwiki. Hoʻi ʻo Glycogen i ke ake, hoʻihoʻi ʻia i nā pae glucose, a ma hope e hoʻonui i ke koko i kahi pae palena. Na kēia, hoʻonāukiuki ia i kahi kūlana o ka pau ʻana, ʻoiai me ka lawa o ka lako o nā kumuwaiwai ikehu, ʻaʻohe o nā hunaola ka nui o ka oxygen.

Ka hopena

ʻO ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana kahi hana e pili ai nā ʻaihue. He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo ʻoiai i ka loaʻa ʻole o nā kō pono, e wāwahi nō ke kino i nā kiko i ka glucose maʻalahi, e alakaʻi ai i ka hōʻemi ʻana o nā mākala a i ʻole ka momona o ke kino (kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ke ʻano kaumaha).

E nānā i ka wikiō: Teleseminar 19. April 2017. A full hour of answers to your diabetes questions. (Iulai 2025).