Loaʻa ka lōʻihi o ka mamao marathon kūikawā 42 km 195 m loa, he piko kupaianaha loa kēia, kahi i piʻi ai ka nui o nā ʻaleʻale marathon mai nā wahi a puni o ka honua.
No ka lilo ʻana i ke kukini marathon e koi ana i nā makahiki he nui a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūpono, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka marathon ma ke ʻano he aʻo ākea i 1896, a laila wale nō nā kāne i komo i laila.
Hōʻike o ka marathon 42 km
Kamaʻāina maoli ka 42 mar 195 m marathon i nā kamaʻāina āpau o ka honua, ua kū aʻe ka hoʻopaʻi ʻālapa kūikawā i ka makahiki 1896 no nā kāne a ma ka makahiki 1984 no nā wahine, ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻokahi haneli mau makahiki ma hope. ʻO kahi marathon ma ke ʻano laulā ākea kahi lōʻihi lōʻihi.
Ke hoʻi nei ke kumu o ka marathon i Helene kahiko, ke hiki i kahi koa Helene ke lawe mai i ka nūhou o ka lanakila o ka poʻe Helene i kona mau hoa makaʻāinana, a laila holo ʻo ia i 34.5 km i Atenai. A ʻo kēia koa i holo aku mai kahi o Marathon, kahi o ke kaua ponoʻī.
Ua mālama ʻia nā pāʻani ʻĀlapa kaulana a kaulana loa i ka makahiki 1896 ma Athens, kahi o ka mea lanakila mua he Helene i hōʻike i nā hopena holo maikaʻi loa, ʻoiai ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i ka doping ma ke ʻano o ka waina, nāna i hoʻopau i kona make wai.
He aha ka hoʻomākaukau marathon
No ka holo ʻana i kahi marathon paʻakikī a nui e pono ai kahi hoʻomākaukau maikaʻi a lōʻihi e like me ka hoʻolālā, a e hoʻomaopopo hoʻi e hana i nā heihei maʻamau o 1 km, 3 km, 5 km, a me 10 km, a pēlā nō e like me ka papa kuhikuhi. Hiki ke holo ʻelua i ka pāka a i ke kahua pāʻani, ʻaʻohe koi aʻo paʻakikī e pono ai, ʻoluʻolu a hauʻoli hoʻi kēia mau hana.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā ʻōnaehana loea ʻokoʻa, hiki i kahi metronome mele-ʻano i hoʻouka ʻia i kahi kelepona. He ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo pū kekahi e loaʻa ka hydrometer a me kahi puʻuwai puʻuwai e haʻi iā ʻoe i ka wā e kū a inu ai i ka wai, a hoʻomaha iki ma ke ala, inā holo ʻoe i 50-60 km no 7 mau lā, a laila ʻaʻohe pilikia i ka marathon 42 km.
Mōʻaukala o nā moʻolelo honua
I nā wahine, 'Olumepika
- XXIII Olympiad - 1984 Los Angeles, Joan Benoit 1st wahi 2:24:52 USA
- XXIV Olympiad - 1988, Seoul, Rosa Maria mota Correia DOS Santos, 2:25:40, Pokukala
- XXV Olympiad - 1992 Barcelona, Valentina Egorova, CIS, 2:32:41
- XXVI Olympiad - 1996, Atlanta, Fatuma Roba, ʻAitiopa, 2:26:05
- XXVII Olympiad - 2000, Sydney, Takahashi, Iapana, 2:23:14
- XXVIII Olympiad - 2004, Athens, Mizuki, Iapana, 2:26:20
- XXIX Olympiad - 2008, Beijing, Constantin Tomescu, Romania, 2:26:44
- XXX Olympiad - 2012, Ladana, Tiki Gelana, ʻAitiopa, 2:23:07
- Nā Pāʻani Olumepika XXXI - 2016, Rio de Janeiro, Kipchoge, Kenya, 2:08:44
I nā kāne, 'Olumepika
- I Olympiad ʻApelila 6-15, 1896, Atenai, Spiridon Louis, Helene, 2:58
- II Olympiad 1900, Paris, Michel Johann Theato, Lukemapuka, 2:59:45
- III Olympiad 1904, St. Louis, Thomas J. Hicks, USA, 3:28:53
- IV Olympiad 1908, Ladana, Joe Joseph Heys, USA, 2:55:19
- V Olympiad 1912, Stockholm Mcarthur, 2:36:54
- VII Olympiad (1920, Antwerp, Hannes Kolehvfinen, Pinilana, 2:32:35
- VIII Olympiad (1924, Paris, Albin Oskar Stenrus, Pinilana, 2:41:23
- IX Olympiad (1928, Amsterdam, Mohamed Bougera Ouafi, Palani, 2:29:01
- X Olympiad (1932, Los Angeles, Juan Carlos Zabala, Argentina, 2:31:36
- XI Olympiad (1936, Berlin, Kitay son, Iapana, 2:29:19
- XIII Olympiad (1948, Ladana, Delfo Carbero, Argentina, 2:34:52
- XV Olympiad (1952, Helsinki, Emil Zatopek, Czechoslovakia, 2:23:03
- XVI Olympiad (1956, Melbourne), Alena Ohara Mimone, Palani, 2:26:00
- XVII Olympiad (1960, Roma), Abeb Bikila, ʻAitiopa, 2:15:16
- XVIII Olympiad (1964, Tokyo), Abebe Bikila, ʻAitiopa, 2:12:11
- XIX Olympiad (1968, Mexico City), Mamo Wolde, ʻAitiopa, 2:20:26
- XX Olympiad (1972, Munich), Frank Shorter, USA, 2:12:19
- XXI Olympiad (1976, Montreal), Waldemar Kerpinski, Kelemania Hikina, 2:09:55
- XXII Olympiad (1980, Moscow), Waldemar Kempinski, GDR, 2:11:03
- XXIII Olympiad (1984, Los Angeles), Carlos Alberpto Lopez Sousa, Potrugalia, 2:09:21
- XXIV Olympiad (1984, Seoul), Gelindo Bordin, ʻItalia, 2:10:32
- XXV Olympiad (1992, Barcelona), Young-cho Hwang, Kōlea, 2:13:23
- XXVI Olympiad (1996, Atlanta), Josia Chugwane, ʻApelika, 2:12:36
- XXVII Olympiad - 2000, Sydney, G. Abera, ʻAitiopa, 2:10:11
- XXVIII Olympiad - 2004, Athens, St. Baldini, 2:10
- XXIX Olympiad - 2008, Beijing, Samuel Kamu Wansiru, Kenya, 2:06:32
- XXX Olympiad - 2012, Ladana, Steven Kiprogich, Uganda, 2:08:01
- XXXI Olympiad - 2016, Rio de Janeiro, Eliud Kipchogi, Kenya, 2:08:44
Pūnaewele honua i ka marathon wahine
I kēia lā, ʻo ka moʻohelu honua i ka marathon 42 km no ka mea hoʻokūkū Pelekane ʻo Radcliffe, ka mea i uhi i ka mamao ma 2 mau hola he 15 mau minuke. ʻO ia moʻolelo i hana ʻia e J. Radcliffe e 2003 i ʻApelila, ʻo ia ka manawa i hana ʻia ai kēia hanana kū hoʻokahi, i kaulana nui i kēia lā, he moʻolelo honua ia a ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke kuʻi.
Ua hoʻokūkū ʻo Radcliffe i ka manawa ma ka Marathon ʻEnelani, kahi āna i hoʻopau ai me kahi hana kupaianaha, e pūʻiwa ana i ka lehulehu ma Ladana me kāna lāhui. Ua loaʻa ʻo Jane i kahi piko keu ma kahi o kanakolu ona mau makahiki, a ma mua o kēlā, i ka 2012, ua hana ʻo ia i ʻelua mau moʻolelo i ka manawa hoʻokahi, ʻo 1 ma Ladana a me 2-1 ma Kikako. I kēia lā he loea kēia loea ma kahi mamao loa, a me nā holo keakea a me nā keʻa paʻakikī.
E pili ana i ka poʻe haʻuki
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Jane ma Cheshire ma Davenham, mai ka wā kamaliʻi he keiki palupalu ʻo ia i ʻeha nui i ka hānō, a ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e pāʻani i nā haʻuki ma lalo o ka mana a me ka nānā ʻana o kona makuakāne, kahi kukini kaulana i kēlā manawa. ʻO kāna kūleʻa mua loa i hele mai i 1992, i kona lilo ʻana i champion, a laila ma 1997 ua lanakila ʻo ia i ke kālā ma ka hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū nui.
A laila ma 1998 a me 2003 ʻo ia ka mea i poʻokela ma ke koloka ʻāina ma ʻEulopa, a eia pū, ua komo ʻo ia i ka ʻAlapa 'Olumepika mai ka makahiki 1996, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻo ia i piʻi i nā wahi he 4 a ʻoi aku, a i ka makahiki 2002, 2003 a me 2005 ua lilo ʻo ia i mua ma nā marathon hanohano. ʻAmelika a me Ladana.
Ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i kāna moʻolelo honua holoʻokoʻa i ka makahiki 2003 me ka London Marathon Nui, āna i holo ai ma 2:15:25. I kēia lā noho ʻo ia ma Monaco, male ʻo Radcliffe mai ka makahiki 2001, he kaikamahine kāna, ʻo Isla, i hānau ʻia ma 2007, a i ka makahiki 2010, ua kū mai kahi keiki kāne hou, ʻo Raphael, i kēia lā ua haʻalele ʻo Radcliffe.
Pehea nā hoʻokūkū
ʻO kahi hanana kūikawā i ke ola o Jane Radcliffe i hana ʻia ma 2003 i ka lā 13 ʻApelila, i ka wā i hoʻokūkū ai ʻo ia i ka marathon wahine a hoʻopau i mua o ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi Pelekane hoihoi, e hana ana i kahi moʻolelo kūikawā. ʻO kēia marathon Ladana e mālama ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma Pelekane a ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻeono nui loa o ka honua.
ʻO ke ala marathon ka wikiwiki loa, ʻoluʻolu loa a pālahalaha, holo ke ala ma Ladana mai ka hikina a i Blackheath, a laila ma o Woolwich a me Charlton i ke ala o ke komohana a i Greenwich a ma o ka Thames a i ka Hale Aliʻi ʻo Buckingham. Ua hana ʻo Jane Radcliffe i kahi moʻolelo kūikawā i kūʻē ʻole ʻia i nā makahiki o ka hoʻokūkū.
Pūnaewele honua i ka marathon kāne
ʻO ka moʻolelo kū hoʻokahi o ka honua no ka marathon ma waena o nā kāne i kēia lā no ka mea haʻuki ʻo Dennis Kimetto mai Kenya, ka mea i uhi i ka mamao o 42 km i 2 mau hola a me 2 mau minuke, aia kēia i ka 2014.
ʻO ia ka Great Berlin Marathon kaulana, kahi i haki ai ka Kenyan i ka moʻolelo kahiko i hana ʻia e Wilson Kipsang i ka makahiki i hala, ma ka makahiki 2014 ma mua o ke kanahā kaukani ka poʻe komo. Ma ka waena o kēia mamao, ua paʻa ʻo Quimetto i ʻehiku mau alakaʻi, a ma hope o lākou i holo mua ai a loaʻa iā lākou, a ua maopopo mua iā ia ka mea a ka moʻohelu honua e hana ai i ka hopena o ka mamao iā ia iho.
E pili ana i ka mea holo
Ua hana maoli ʻo Dennis Quimetto i hanana hanana kūʻē, ʻoiai ke kāne i holo i kahi marathon paʻakikī nui no ka manawa mua i loko o ʻelua mau hola a me ʻelua mau minuke.
Me kēia kūleʻa, ua kahakaha kahi kukini marathon mai Kenya i kona inoa ponoʻī i ka mōʻaukala o nā haʻuki i nā leka gula, kahi hana kupaianaha loa no ka honua. Ma aneʻi ua wikiwiki ʻo Quimetto a ua maopopo i kēlā me kēia mea e hoʻoweliweli maoli ʻia ka moʻolelo honua kahiko.
ʻO kēia marathon ka hā o nā Kenyan, a ua hiki iā ia ke lanakila i nā mea ʻekolu. Ua hilinaʻi ʻo Dennis ma Berlin 2014 e haki maoli ʻo ia i ka moʻolelo kahiko i hana ʻia e kāna kamaʻāina ʻo Wilson a e holo ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o 2:03:00. Ua ʻōlelo akāka ʻo ia inā maikaʻi ke aniau ma Berlin, a laila no ia ka moʻolelo, i ʻōlelo ʻo Dennis Quimetto e pili ana i kēia ma mua.
Pehea ka marathon
Hana ʻia ka Marathon Berlin ma Kepakemapa ma ke kapitala a ʻo ia ka lua o ka nui ma ka honua; i kēia manawa ʻoi aku ma mua o kanahā tausani kaukani mai 120 mau ʻāina honua i komo ma aneʻi. ʻO ka mamao ma aneʻi he kuʻuna, a hele pono ka hoʻomaka ma ke kapitala nui o Kelemania, ma ka lōʻihi o kēia ala ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi miliona mau pā a me nā hui mele.
He kāhāhā kupaianaha wale nō kā kēia lā chic holiday, ma ka mua he ʻehiku mau alakaʻi, ʻoiai ma ka māka 30 km he ʻekolu wale nō o lākou i koe. Ma aneʻi ua hoʻomau ʻo Quimetto i ka holo me ka maopopo a me ka wiwo ʻole a hala ʻane i ka pae like me Mutai, a ma 38 kilomita ua lilo ʻo ia i mua a hopu i nā mea holo marathon āpau.
ʻO ka mamao marathon holoʻokoʻa o 42 km a me 195 m kahi hoʻomaka kūikawā a kū hoʻokahi hoʻi, kahi e makemake ai nā mea he nui e piʻi i hoʻokahi manawa i ko lākou ola. E komo wale i ka marathon ke koi ʻia e hoʻokokoke i kēia manawa, me ka hoʻomākaukau nui ʻana no kēia ʻoihana, pono e ʻike pono kahi mea holo marathon i ka holo.
Pono e komo i kēlā me kēia mea komo mai ke kauka, ʻoiai ʻaʻole nā makahiki i kau ʻia ma nā wahi āpau, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke lilo i ke kukini marathon a i ka wā ʻelemakule no ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻomaka ʻia nā hoʻomaka ma ke ala nui me ka ʻole o nā ʻokoʻa nui, ʻoiai aia kekahi mau hoʻomaka kahi kahi o ka ʻāina e paʻakikī a paʻakikī hoʻi.
